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Napoleon Bonaparte, the deposed emperor of the French, arrived on the British-ruled South Atlantic island of St. Helena, where he spent the last 5½ years of his life in exile.

11-year-old Grace Bedell of Westfield, New York, wrote a letter to presidential candidate Abraham Lincoln suggesting he would look better if he were to grow a beard.

With the support of President Wilson, the Clayton Antitrust Act, which made it illegal for companies to buy competitors’ stock, was passed.

Dutch exotic dancer Mata Hari (Margaretha Zelle Geertruida MacLeod), 41, convicted by a French military court of spying for the Germans, was executed by a firing squad outside Paris, France.

The Graf Zeppelin, a German Dirigible, landed in Lakehurst, New Jersey, on its first commercial flight across the Atlantic.

The Black Panther Party was founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.

The U.S. Department of Transportation was created.

The television series “I Love Lucy,” starring Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, premiered on CBS.

It was announced that Soviet leader Nikita S. Khrushchev had been removed from office. He was succeeded as premier by Alexei N. Kosygin and Communist Party Secretary by Leonid I. Brezhnev.

At an anti-war rally in New York City held near the Armed Forces Induction Center on Whitehall Street in Manhattan, David J. Miller burned his draft card. The 24-year-old pacifist and member of the Catholic Worker Movement became the first man arrested and convicted under the 1965 amendment to the 1948 Selective Service Act.

Peace demonstrators staged activities across the country as part of a “moratorium” against the Vietnam War.

The humanitarian group Doctors Without Borders was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

The Colorado Rockies won their first pennant by beating the Arizona Diamondbacks, 6-4, at Coors Field in Denver, Colorado. The Colorado Rockies lost to the Boston Red Sox in the World Series.

Friedrich Nietzsche (German philosopher)

Arthur M. Schlesinger (American historian, social critic, public intellectual)

Mario Puzo (Author, “The Godfather”)

Lee Iacocca (President and CEO of Chrysler who revived Chrysler Corporation)

Barry McGuire (singer, songwriter)

Penny Marshall (Actress)

Jim Palmer (Baseball player)

Richard Carpenter (Singer-musician)

Tito Jackson (Singer)

Tanya Roberts (Actress)

Sarah Ferguson (“Fergie”, Duchess of York)